Reproductive Physiology and Birth Control by Chandrasekhar S.;Chandrasekhar S.;

Author:Chandrasekhar, S.;Chandrasekhar, S.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Published: 2018-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

*  This is an Americanism, which appears to us to convey a false idea. If it refers to the cases used as illustrations, Dr. Knowlton is more sparing in his use of them than either Dr. Bull or Dr. Chavasse.— [Publishers’ note.]

*  The vesicles here mentioned are the so-called Graafian vesicles, or ovisacs, each of which contains in its interior a little ovum or egg. In the human female the ovum is extremely minute, so as only to be visible with the aid of a lens. The Graafian vesicles are not limited to a certain small number, as was formerly thought, but continue to be formed in the ovaries, and to discharge at intervals mature ova during the whole of the fruitful period of life.—G. R.

*  Dr. Chavasse, on p. 94 of his “Advice to a Wife” (published by W. H, Smith & Son), gives instances of very early menstruation and consequent fecundity.— [Publishers’ note.]

†  “The menstrual discharge,” says Dr. Kirks, “consists of blood effused from the inner surface of the uterus, and mixed with mucus from the uterus, vagina, and external parts of the generative apparatus. Being diluted by this admixture, the menstrual blood coagulates less perfectly than ordinary blood; and the frequent acidity of the vaginal mucus tends still further to diminish its coagulability.”—“Handbook of Physiology,” 8th ed., p. 727, 1874.—G. R.

*  Consult on the whole of this Dr. Chavasse’s book, pp. 91-101, where full details are given.—[Publishers’ note.]

†  See, however, Dr. Bull’s “Hints to Mothers,” pp. 51-58, and 127-129 (published by Longmans, Green & Co.)—[Publishers’ note.]

*  See Dr. Carpenter’s “Animal Physiology,” p. 558 (published by H. G. Bohn); Nichol’s “Human Physiology,” pp. 253-255 (published by Trubner & Co.)—[Publishers’ note.]

*  Nichol’s “Human Physiology,” pp. 255, 256.—[Publishers note.]

†  Magendie’s Physiology.—[Author’s note.]

*  Since Dr. Knowlton’s work was written, the very important fact has been discovered that ova are periodically discharged from the ovaries in the human female and other animals, not in consequence of fruitful connection having taken place, as was formerly believed, but quite independently of intercourse with the male. Such a discharge of ova occurs in the lower animals at the time of heat or rut, and in women during menstruation. At each menstrual period, a Graafian vesicle becomes enlarged, bursts, and lets the ovum which it contains escape into the Fallopian tube, along which it passes to the uterus. “It has long been known,” says Dr. Kirke, “that in the so-called oviparous animals, the separation of ova from the ovary may take place independently of impregnation by the male, or even of sexual union. And it is now established that a like maturation and discharge of ova, independently of coition, occurs in Mammalia, the periods at which the matured ova are separated form the ovaries and received into the Fallopian tubes being indicated in the lower Mammalia by the phenomena of heat or rut; in the human female by the phenomena of menstruation. Sexual desire manifests itself in the human female to a greater degree at these periods, and in the female of mammiferous animals at no other time.

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